Current Weather in Choibalsan

The cultural and meteorological awareness regarding the climate in Mongolia is deeply intertwined with the lifestyle of nomadic people and the harsh natural environment.

Climate Adaptation of Nomads

Wisdom of Seasonal Migration

• In spring and autumn, they travel back and forth between pastures at different altitudes to avoid temperature differences and snowfall risks.
• During winter, they set up their gers in relatively warm valleys or riverbanks, avoiding snow-laden foothills.
• In summer, they seek coolness in the highlands, avoiding pests and humidity.

Climate Responses in Clothing, Food, and Shelter

Cold Resistance and Food Culture

• They endure temperatures below minus 30°C with thick deels and fabric boots.
• They produce blankets and clothing from the wool and hides of sheep and goats.
• Fermented dairy products and fatty meat dishes are central to their diet for nutrition and body temperature maintenance.

Festivals and Seasonal Events

Traditions Celebrating the Climate

• Naadam (July) = Celebrates the arrival of summer, spent outdoors with the three manly games.
• Tsagaan Sar (Lunar New Year) = Marks the end of winter and prays for the new year's health.
• Khoshor Festival (around the winter solstice) = A festival to gain strength to survive the long harsh winter.

Forecasting Techniques and Oral Knowledge

Weather Forecasts and Traditional Insights

• The usage of weather information from radios and smartphone apps is increasing.
• Oral knowledge predicting weather from the movements of stars and animal behaviors is still being passed down.
• Snowfall and storm arrivals are discerned from ice thickness and cloud color and shape.

Nature Worship and Weather Beliefs

Spirit Beliefs and Wind Gods

• Prayers to Torgoi (the wind spirit) and guardian deities of mountains and lakes calm weather changes.
• Incense is offered at sacred rocks (Engel) and ovoos (stone heaps) to pray for safe travels.
• As a form of coexistence with nature, they express gratitude for the safety of livestock and bountiful harvests linked to the weather.

Modern Challenges and Responses

Addressing Climate Change

• The risk of desertification and drought is increasing due to rising average temperatures.
• Nomads and administration are collaborating on sustainable grazing plans and reforestation projects.
• Early warning systems are being developed through satellite data and weather monitoring.

Summary

Mongolian meteorological awareness is formed as a culture that survives in a harsh environment, integrating the wisdom of nomadic people, nature worship, and modern technology.